- Tall fronds (leaves).
- Lower leaflets get smaller going down the stem, so that the lowest leaflets are very small.
- Sori is on a separate copper-brown fertile frond that is much smaller. It develops in the Summer and remnants can be found in the Winter and Spring. See pictures near the bottom of the table for images of an dead fertile frond.
- Very large red-brown scales on the stipe (stem) and fiddlehead.
- Fronds grow in a circular pattern.
- Large and very deep grove in the stipe and fiddlehead stem.
